定向井环空流变学模拟试验装置和试验方法

根据定向井注水泥环空流变学的若干特性，设计并建立了定向井环空流变学模拟试验装置，可完成在不同并斜角、偏心度、流体粘度和流量下对定向井环空顶替流变特性的模拟试验研究。运用压降分析法间接探讨了这些参数对定向井注水泥顶替效果的影响。由模拟试验结果得出了定向并注水泥顶替效果随这些参数变化的规律。     

焊枪倾角对熔池振荡的影响

本文利用焊枪倾角的办法,解决了快速焊接时,熔振荡信号的可靠提取问题。焊枪前倾可以有效的抑制熔池后拖现象。为了保证熔透熔池可靠的振荡,焊枪倾角θ与焊接速度 V_w 之间有一定的匹配区间,在此区间内焊枪倾角θ的变化,对熔池振荡特性没有影响,对接焊缝实验时发现,装配间隙和错边对焊接熔池振荡特性没有明显的影响。     

On the drift‐flux analysis of flotation and foam fractionation processes

Drift‐flux analyses are a common way of estimating the phase fractions and fluxes in vertical multiphase flows. However their use has had scant impact on the flotation and foam fractionation communities despite the publication of a number of such analyses over the past two decades. By recognizing that the physics that underpin the hydrodynamics of the froth are dissimilar to those that pertain to the bubbly liquid beneath, we present a drift‐flux analysis with two characteristic curves. A method for obtaining the characteristic curve for the froth from experimental data for the drainage of stationary foams is presented.     

Standards for Waveform Metrology Based on Digital Techniques

Over the last decade the use of digital synthesis and sampling techniques for generating and measuring electrical waveforms has increased dramatically with the availability of improved digital-to-analog (D/A) and analog-to-digital (A/D) converters and related devices. With this evolution has come the need for physical laboratory standards and test methods to support the performance specifications of digital devices and the instruments in which they are used. This article describes the research and development at NIST of several laboratory standards and test systems that utilize “digital technology” for characterizing data converters and for implementing various waveform synthesis and sampling instruments.     

Apparatus for Simultaneous Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Steady Shear Viscosity Studies of Polymer Melts and Solutions

The design and construction of an apparatus for studying the simultaneous small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and steady shear viscosity behavior of polymer melts and concentrated solutions is discussed. Successful operation of the device is demonstrated on a blend of 20 weight percent deuterated polystyrene and 80 weight percent poly(vinylmethylether). The effects of shear on the critical behavior of the blend are observed in the SANS behavior as a function of temperature and shear rate and indicate shear induced mixing behavior for the range of shear rates examined. The steady shear viscosity results alone are insufficient for detecting the transition from one to two phases. The examination of shear effects in polymer blends is important for understanding the critical behavior of binary systems. Technologically, knowledge of the phase behavior of polymer blends under shear are important for the design and improvement of commercial blend processing.     

螺纹中径当量的全微分优化逼近算法及图形仿真

本文建立的螺纹中径当量全微分优化逼近模型，考虑了螺距偏差，螺距累积偏差和半角偏差本身及其相互间对中径的综合影响，并用理想螺纹在径向和轴向二维逼近实际螺纹，计算机计算表明，本文提出了全微分优化逼近算法优于常用算法及三点接触式算法，经计算机图形仿真显示算法是正确的。     

A simultaneous SAXS/WAXS and stress-strain study of polyethylene deformation at high strain rates

An experimental system has been commissioned which allows the collection of time-resolved simultaneous two-dimensional small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and stress-strain data with a temporal resolution of 40 ms during the drawing of synthetic polymers. X-ray data collection is achieved via two CCD-based area detectors which are positioned in order to maximize the amount of scattering that can be observed from a particular sample. True stress-strain measurements are obtained from video extensometer and load cell measurements. The system was used at the Daresbury SRS to study the structural changes which occur in a sample of isotropic high-density polyethylene when subjected to an overall strain rate of ≈ 3 s⁻¹. It is shown that the onset of both a partial stress-induced crystal phase change and micro-voiding in the sample can be directly correlated to the point of yield in the true stress-strain curve. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.     

井巷光面爆破不偶合系数研究

从理论上研究了井巷光面爆破轴向不偶合装药缓冲作用原理的成缝机理，提出了轴向不偶合系数的计算方法，得出了轴向不偶合系数在不同条件下的取值范围，并在工程实践中得到了验证。     

Structural properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon usingab initio molecular dynamics simulations

We have studied structural properties of amorphous hydrogenated silicon usingab initio molecular dynamics simulations. A sample was generated by simulated annealing using periodic boundary conditions with a supercell containing 64 silicon and 8 hydrogen atoms. The radial pair distribution functions for Si-Si, Si-H and H-H have been studied at 300 K and are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. Our results show that hydrogen saturates the dangling bonds and reduces bond strain. We also report existence of Si-H-Si bridge sites which are likely to play an important role in understanding the light induced metastability in this material.     

二维微米片复合材料取向调控电树枝生长特性的仿真研究

为得到二维微米片取向角度对复合电介质中电树枝生长特性的影响规律,基于分形介质的WZ模型,研究了不同微米片取向角度、生长概率指数、放电阈值电压下,电树枝的生长和分形维数特性。分析了二维微米片取向角度变化引起电场强度变化的原因,并解释了微米片对电树枝生长的影响机制。结果表明：当微米片沿垂直于电场方向取向时,电树枝的分形维数...